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Bicycle Lighting - Union

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Union Dynamo (right)
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Bicycle Lighting: Bike Light & Bike Lamps LED buy cheap at

Many cyclists think that because they still see enough, other road users would also still perceive them. Far from it! In poor visibility conditions and at dusk, cyclists - especially if they are still darkly dressed - are not perceived by other road users or possibly too late. Cycling is not just about seeing, but also about being seen. However, almost 50 percent of all bicycles sold in Germany have no basic lighting system at all and, according to the German Road Traffic Licensing Regulations (StVZO), should not be used in road traffic. A functioning battery-powered lighting system is usually tolerated by the police, but is actually only permitted as additional lighting. And how often does it happen that the batteries are empty exactly when we are most dependent on their functionality, namely at dusk or at night. As I said, if you want to ride your bike on public roads in Germany, you need bicycle lighting, both active and passive. How this bicycle lighting has to look can be read in § 67 of the Road Traffic Regulations.

That a battery-powered lamp in road traffic, for example, is not allowed, probably know the fewest cyclists. The requirements of the StVZO meets a wheel only if it is equipped with a dynamo, whose rated power is at least 3 watts. Also, only approved headlights and taillights may be installed on bicycles that participate in road traffic. All lights and reflectors need a so-called German approval mark, which consists of a wavy line and the letter K followed by several digits. In the case of reflective strips, however, ECE test marks are also permitted. The headlights must emit white light, the tail lights red light.

In addition to headlights and taillights, a roadworthy bicycle suitable for everyday use needs other spotlights front and rear, as well as yellow, front and rear reflectors on the pedals, to the side acting spoke spotlights or reflective white stripes on the tires of the front and rear wheel. Exceptions apply only to racing bicycles weighing less than 11 kg. These may also participate in road traffic with battery-powered bicycle lighting. In principle, however, the lighting must be permanently mounted on the bicycle for all other types of bicycle. And if you are still caught without light, this is not a trivial offense, but is punished with a fine.

Different dynamo types for different demands

Roughly speaking, there are four different types of dynamo: side rotor dynamos are mainly found on bicycles in the lower price segment. Until 20 years ago, side-rotor dynamos were the main power suppliers on bikes. However, since they have a high rolling resistance and are also subject to heavy wear, you hardly see such dynamos on modern and high-quality bikes anymore. Why fight against the high rolling resistance, when there are also hub dynamos, which not only have a much lower rolling resistance, but are also more maintenance-friendly. Roller or roller dynamos are similar to the lateral rotor dynamo, except that the outer rotor rolls on the entire tread of the tire and not just on the tire sidewall. The spoke dynamo, as the name implies, is driven by a spoke on the front or rear wheel. Spoke dynamos are not dependent on weather conditions, but they have a relatively low efficiency. In terms of price, a spoke dynamo is more expensive than a side-rotor or roller dynamo, but cheaper than a hub dynamo. Let's move on to the Porsche among the power suppliers, the hub dynamo. It is more expensive than all other types of dynamos, but it has a very high efficiency and is both weatherproof and smooth-running. Bicycles of the upper price segment now already offer hub dynamos with built-in light-dark sensor, which automatically turns on the light when dusk falls, as in the car.

Light is not equal to light!

Funkzelige tungsten wires have long been outdated on the bike. Nowadays, halogen headlights or LED headlights are standard equipment on modern bikes. Halogen headlights are significantly brighter than conventional bulbs with the same power consumption. They produce a bright and evenly distributed light field that shines everywhere it is supposed to, namely far forward, but also laterally beyond the edges of the road and into close range, without dazzling the rider himself or oncoming road users. Even in the lower price segment, there are already bicycle lights for the front that produce a wide and relatively long light field. In addition, there are additional features such as automatic parking lights, automatic high beam or intelligent lighting technology. Here, the lighting behavior is adapted to the speed of the bike. Headlights with white LEDs surpass normal halogen headlights many times over in terms of both luminosity and service life. However, they are also significantly more expensive. A lot has also happened in the taillight market. The incandescent lamp has become obsolete and almost only light-emitting diodes are used. Here, too, automatic parking lights are gaining ground. In the case of the taillight, it does not require a battery, because a built-in capacitor charges while the bike is moving and thus supplies power for the taillight for several minutes even when the bike is stationary. As far as the active bicycle lighting elements.

Reflectors and reflective strips ensure good visibility of bike and rider

Let's move on to the passive elements, the reflectors and reflective strips. They reflect light back from extraneous light sources. Reflectors on the spokes or reflective stripes on the tire ensure that a bike can be seen well in the dark, even from the side. The white reflector at the front, the two red reflectors required for the rear, and the reflectors on the pedals that shine forwards and backwards ensure that a bicycle is also seen by other road users when stationary, because not every bicycle already has a parking light, as front and rear lights with parking light function are not usually part of the standard equipment. These bicycle lighting elements continue to shine for up to five minutes when the bike is stationary. The necessary power is generated either by the dynamo or a battery. In the case of LED headlights and LED taillights, a single LED can also perform the parking light function. When it comes to bicycle lighting, the wiring is also important. Somehow the current must come from the dynamo to the headlight or taillight. A distinction is made between 1-core and 2-core cabling. With single-core cabling, the current is conducted via a cable to the lamp and the frame or another bicycle part serves as ground. Here, of course, the power supply can be affected over time by rust or paint damage to the bike. With two-core wiring, this disadvantage does not exist. On old bicycles, the cables usually still run along the outside of the wheel. For optical reasons and because of greater durability, the wiring runs inside the frame on newer models.

Before each ride, check whether your bicycle lights are working properly and also make sure that your clothing is bright. Because bright clothing and reflective materials increase road safety.

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